FOURTH CRANIAL NERVE PALSY
\fˈɔːθ kɹˈe͡ɪnɪəl nˈɜːv pˈɔːlzi], \fˈɔːθ kɹˈeɪnɪəl nˈɜːv pˈɔːlzi], \f_ˈɔː_θ k_ɹ_ˈeɪ_n_ɪ__ə_l n_ˈɜː_v p_ˈɔː_l_z_i]\
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Diseases of the fourth cranial (trochlear) nerve or its nucleus in the midbrain. The nerve crosses as it exits the midbrain dorsally and may be injured along its course through the intracranial space, cavernous sinus, superior orbital fissure, or orbit. Clinical manifestations include weakness of the superior oblique muscle which causes vertical DIPLOPIA that is maximal when the affected eye is adducted and directed inferiorly. Head tilt may be seen as a compensatory mechanism for diplopia and rotation of the visual axis. Common etiologies include CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS.
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